Gambusia affinis

Because of the aggressive and predatory behaviour of G. affinis, it is reported that native fish species and populations of small fish tend to decline, or are eliminated in areas \"where it has become established. In some habitats, introduced G. affinis reportedly displaced select native fish species regarded as better or more efficient mosquito control agents.\"; \"; \"Western mosquitofish use the same habitat as the plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus and have displaced these topminnows and other species with their aggressive behavior (Whitmore 1997).\"

\"The highly predatory mosquito fish eats the eggs of economically desirable fish and preys on and endangers rare indigenous fish and invertebrate species.\"; \"Introduced mosquitofish also prey heavily on amphibian larvae (Goodsell and Kats 1999) and potentially negatively impact salamander and frog populations (Lawler et al. 1999).\"; \"Meffe (1983, 1985) found that mosquitofish are very aggressive, even toward larger fish. They often attack, shred fins, and sometimes kill other species. Mosquitofish are known to prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishes, including those of largemouth bass and common carp; they are also known to prey on adults of smaller species (Meffe 1985; Courtenay and Meffe 1989). Courtenay and Meffe (1989) listed impacts on a variety of native fishes.”; \"Evermann and Clark (1931) reported that mosquitofish in the Salton Sea, California, drove out Cyprinodon macularius less than 10 years after introduction to the state. The mechanism for many of these reductions is believed to be predation (Meffe 1985, Courtenay and Meffe 1989).\"

\"They have been particularly destructive in the American West where they have contributed to the elimination or decline of populations of federally endangered and threatened species (Courtenay and Meffe, 1989).\"; \"“Introduced mosquitofish have been particularly destructive in the American West where they have contributed to the elimination or decline of populations of federally endangered and threatened species (Courtenay and Meffe 1989). Specific examples of their negative effects include a habitat shift and a reduction in numbers of the threatened Railroad Valley springfish Crenichthys baileyi in springs in Nevada (Deacon et al. 1964)\"; \"Outside their native range, mosquitofish play a role in decreasing populations of native fishes (Miller 1961, Myers 1965, Minckley and Deacon 1968). Due to the number of introductions and corresponding decreases in native fish populations, there can be no doubt of the destructive nature of such introductions. Myers (1965) wrote that almost everywhere introductions have been made, mosquitofish have gradually eliminated or reduced populations of small native fishes. For example, mosquitofish have been instrumental in eliminating native populations of Poeciliopsis occidentalis in the southwestern U.S. (Sublette et al. 1990).\"

\"Evidence of adverse impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services is available for various locations in the world where G. affinis have been introduced (e.g. Lloyd et al. 1986). For example, Rowe et al. (2008) stated that “…Gambusia is clearly responsible for a reduction in indigenous fauna including some rare and threatened fish and amphibian species.”; \"Myers (1965) reported that mosquitofish have even reduced largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) populations due to predation on larvae.\"

“Introduced mosquitofish have been particularly destructive in the American West where they have contributed to the elimination or decline of populations of federally endangered and threatened species (Courtenay and Meffe 1989) [...] and the local elimination of the endangered Sonoran topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis in Arizona (Moyle 1976a; Meffe et al. 1983, Meffe 1985).\"; \"The mosquitofish is also responsible for the elimination of the least chub Iotichthys phlegethontis in several areas of Utah (Whitmore 1997).\"

The mosquitofish is also responsible for the elimination of the least chub Iotichthys phlegethontis in several areas of Utah (Whitmore 1997).

Não encontrei evidências de irreversibilidade da extinção local. As espécies que foram severamente afetadas por G. affinis estão ameaçadas de extinção, mas são encontradas em alguns locais dos Estados Unidos.

Não encontrei evidências de irreversibilidade da extinção local. As espécies que foram severamente afetadas por G. affinis estão ameaçadas de extinção, mas são encontradas em alguns locais dos Estados Unidos.