EICAT ASSESSMENT SHEET
EICAT ASSESSMENT SHEET
Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa
Orconectes rusticus Girard, 1852
CATEGORIA EICAT: MODERATE (MO) - MODERADO
Pelo tamanho e agressividade tornou-se dominante onde foi introduzido e por competição e predação impacta populações de espécies nativas congêneres e peixes, assim como impacta por herbivoria, espécies macrófitas aquáticas.
IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Scientific name
Orconectes rusticus Girard, 1852
Autoria
(Girard, 1852)
Nomes comuns
rusty crayfish (English)
Data da avaliação
08/06/2021
Avaliação
Global, independente de unidade de conservação
Resultado
MODERATE (MO) - MODERADO
NOMENCLATURA E CLASSIFICAÇÃO
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Malacostraca
Order
Decapoda
Family
Cambaridae
Genus
Faxonius
PROVENIÊNCIA E REGISTRO
Pessoa responsável pela análise
Beloni Terezinha Pauli Marterer
Verificação
Não verificado
Verificado por
Não informado
Data da verificação
Não informada
Data de publicação
08/06/2021
Número da versão
1
Editor da versão atual
Não informado
RESUMO DA AVALIAÇÃO EICAT
Confiança EICAT
Alta
Justificativa da confiança
Estudos de longo prazo sobre os impactos ambientais da espécie estão disponíveis.
Países/regiões de maior impacto
Canadá; Estados Unidos
Locais de maior impacto
Ontário, Canadá; Wisconsin, Minnesota, Estados Unidos
Espécies impactadas
Não informado
SÍNTESE DOS IMPACTOS
Pelo tamanho e agressividade tornou-se dominante onde foi introduzido e por competição e predação impacta populações de espécies nativas congêneres e peixes, assim como impacta por herbivoria, espécies macrófitas aquáticas.
AVALIAÇÃO COMPLETA CONFORME O EICAT
As respostas, os mecanismos, as evidências e as referências abaixo preservam a estrutura da avaliação registrada no SIGEEI.
00. O táxon exótico causou impactos ambientais?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
Não informado
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
01. O táxon exótico causou reduções no desempenho de indivíduos na biota nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(1) Competição,(2) Predação,(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação
Evidência
Competição: This species is native to areas of Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and Ontario, and has been introduced widely north and east of this range (Taylor et al. 1996). In Wisconsin, O. rusticus has displaced its native congener O. virilis (Hagen) and the previously introduced O. propinquus (Girard) from lakes and streams (Capelli and Munjal 1982, Lodge et al. 1986) as a result of its aggressive behavior (Capelli and Munjal 1982), rapid growth (Hill et al. 1993), high population densities (≥ 21/m2 ; Charlebois and Lamberti 1996, Lodge and Hill 1994, Momot et al. 1978), and reproductive interference with native species (Garvey and Stein 1993, Lodge et al. 2000, Perry et al. 2002). (Klocker and Strayer, 2004)
Predação: Orconectes rusticus was clearly dominant over O. limosus....Both species of crayfish readily ate native bivalves. Crayfish preferred small bivalves and those not buried in sediment. Both species consumed approximately the same number of clams (O. limosus ate 25.0% and O. rusticus ate 27.9% of clams offered) and approximately the same size of clams (average clam size eaten: O. limosus = 5.07 mm and O. rusticus = 4.84 mm)..... (Klocker and Strayer, 2004)
Referências
Klocker, C. A., & Strayer, D. L. (2004). Interactions Among an Invasive Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a Native Crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and Native Bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Unionidae). Northeastern Naturalist, 11(2), 167–178. doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2004)011[0167:iaaico]2.0.co;2
02. O táxon exótico causou declínio no tamanho da população de alguma espécie nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(1) Competição,(2) Predação,(3) Hibridização,(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação
Evidência
Competição: O. rusticus aggressive nature, greater fitness, and large chelae and body size allow it to displace native crayfish from food and habitat (Byron & Wilson, 2001; Garvey et al, 2003; Garvey & Stein, 1993; Hill & Lodge, 1999; Klocker & Strayer, 2004). Displacement from food causes reduced fitness to its cogeners and displacement from habitat increases predation pressure (Hill & Lodge, 1994). O rusticus displaces native crayfish, O. virilis, and previous invader, O. propinquus, from lakes throughout northern Wisconsin (Byron & Wilson, 2001; Garvey & Stein, 1993; Hill & Lodge, 1994). Along with direct competition and displacement, research indicates that fish and other predators avoid O. rusticus because of its larger chelae and body size and this selective predation pressure is likely an important driver in the replacement of crayfish species by rusty crayfish (Roth & Kitchell, 2005; DiDonato & Lodge, 1999). O. rusticus is known to hybridize with native crayfish O. propinquus in Lake Michigan (Jonas et al, 2005). In northeastern United States, O. rusticus may pose a threat to native crayfish O. limosus, which it was found to dominate in shelter competition and aggression trials (Klocker & Strayer, 2004).
Predação: We suggest that O. rusticus poses a potential danger to native bivalve populations. Although both species of crayfish consumed approximately the same density and sizes of clams, O. rusticus can live at very high densities (18–21/m2, Charlebois and Lamberti 1996; 11.9/m2, Lodge et al. 1985; 34–82/m2, Lodge and Lorman 1987), with these densities often being larger in comparison to many of its congeners (Lodge et al. 1985, Momot et al. 1978). This subsequently has raised the number of crayfish in many of the waterways in which O. rusticus has successfully invaded (Daniels 1998, Hobbs et al 1989, Lodge and Lorman 1987). Therefore, the threat of increased predator populations can affect already threatened unionid populations. (Klocker and Strayer, 2004)
Hibridização: Reproductive interference (e.g., between nonindigenous signal crayfish and native noble crayfish in Sweden; Soderback 1995) and introgressive hybridization between nonindigenous and native crayfishes can add harm tothat caused by ecological displacement mechanisms (Perry et al. 2002). Mechanisms associated with the production
of sterile or inviable offspring often play particularly important roles in the genetic decline of a species (Levin et al. 1996). Even when hybrids are fit and fertile, genetic swamping may still occur if the native population has already been reduced by competition, predation, or disease vectored by a nonindigenous species (Levin et al. 1996). For example, hybridization with Orconectes rusticus increased the displacement rate of O. propinquus by over 20% relative to that caused by ecological factors alone (Perry et al. 2001a). O. rusticus readily mates with O. propinquus to produce fertile offspring, with F1 hybrids able to outcompete both parental species for food and shelter (Perry et al. 2001b). Despite initial hybrid vigor (particularly in survivorship), further study showed that this vigor broke down in subsequent generations (W.L. Perry, T. Arcella, J.L. Feder, D.M. Lodge, unpublished data), thus leading to the lack of a stable hybrid zone and an increased rate of decline in O. propinquus populations. ) (Lodge et al., 2012)
Pastoreio / herbivoria / alimentação: The most visible impact of rusty crayfish in Trout Lake was a shift to lower macrophyte abundance and species richness. Negative effects of crayfish on macrophytes are well documented (Lodge and Lorman 1987; Hanson and Chambers 1995; Nyström and Strand 1996). In experimental work, rusty crayfish have reduced macrophyte abundance as a result of nonconsumptive destruction (Lodge et al. 1994). Crayfish may also cause damage while grazing on periphyton or physically uproot seedlings or established plants in the process of digging burrows or foraging. (Wilson et al. 2004)
Referências
Klocker, C. A., & Strayer, D. L. (2004). Interactions Among an Invasive Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a Native Crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and Native Bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Unionidae). Northeastern Naturalist, 11(2), 167–178. doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2004)011[0167:iaaico]2.0.co;2;
Lodge, D. M., Deines, A., Gherardi, F., Yeo, D. C. J., Arcella, T., Baldridge, A. K., … Zeng, Y. (2012). Global Introductions of Crayfishes: Evaluating the Impact of Species Invasions on Ecosystem Services. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 43(1), 449–472. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111511-103919;
Wilson, K. A., Magnuson, J. J., Lodge, D. M., Hill, A. M., Kratz, T. K., Perry, W. L., & Willis, T. V. (2004). A long-term rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) invasion: dispersal patterns and community change in a north temperate lake. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61(11), 2255–2266. doi:10.1139/f04-170;
03. O táxon exótico causou a extinção local de pelo menos uma população de alguma espécie nativa?
Resposta
Não
Mecanismo(s)
Não informado
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
04. A extinção local observada é reversível ou irreversível se o táxon exótico for removido?
Resposta
Nenhuma extinção registrada
Mecanismo(s)
Não informado
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
INFORMAÇÕES ADICIONAIS DA AVALIAÇÃO
Vias de introdução/dispersão
Humana, pesca esportiva, comércio de isca viva.
Comentários e informações adicionais
Faxonius rusticus can compete with juvenile game fish for benthic macroinvertebrates (Hamr, 2002). It significantly reduced trout egg abundance in the Great Lakes, hampering trout rehabilitation efforts (Jonas et al., 2005). Personal observations of fisheries managers have suggested decline of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), northern pike (Esox lucius), and bass (Micropterus spp.) populations following the introduction of rusty crayfish, caused by either egg predation, competition with juveniles for food, or reduced aquatic vegetation (Gunderson, 2008). An estimate of about $ 1.5 million per year for fisheries damage has been calculated in Vilas County, Wisconsin (Keller et al., 2008). (CABI, acesso em 08/06/2021)
Referências adicionais sobre impactos
Olsen, T. M., Lodge, D. M., Capelli, G. M., & Houlihan, R. J. (1991). Mechanisms of Impact of an introduced Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) on Littoral Congeners, Snails, and Macrophytes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(10), 1853–1861. doi:10.1139/f91-219;
Bases de dados consultadas
GISD,CABI Invasive Species Compendium,WoRMS
Comentários taxonômicos
Não informado
NOTAS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO PARA O SIGEEI
PRESENÇA NÃO É IMPACTO LOCAL
Esta ficha representa uma avaliação global da espécie. Ela não declara, por si só, que Orconectes rusticus Girard, 1852 esteja estabelecida, invasora ou causando impacto em uma unidade de conservação específica. Essa distinção deve ser registrada separadamente pelos gestores e especialistas responsáveis pela unidade.
REFERÊNCIAS
- Olsen, T. M., Lodge, D. M., Capelli, G. M., & Houlihan, R. J. (1991). Mechanisms of Impact of an introduced Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) on Littoral Congeners, Snails, and Macrophytes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48(10), 1853–1861. doi:10.1139/f91-219;
- Klocker, C. A., & Strayer, D. L. (2004). Interactions Among an Invasive Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a Native Crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and Native Bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Unionidae). Northeastern Naturalist, 11(2), 167–178. doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2004)011[0167:iaaico]2.0.co;2
- Klocker, C. A., & Strayer, D. L. (2004). Interactions Among an Invasive Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a Native Crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and Native Bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Unionidae). Northeastern Naturalist, 11(2), 167–178. doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2004)011[0167:iaaico]2.0.co;2; Lodge, D. M., Deines, A., Gherardi, F., Yeo, D. C. J., Arcella, T., Baldridge, A. K., … Zeng, Y. (2012). Global Introductions of Crayfishes: Evaluating the Impact of Species Invasions on Ecosystem Services. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 43(1), 449–472. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-111511-103919; Wilson, K. A., Magnuson, J. J., Lodge, D. M., Hill, A. M., Kratz, T. K., Perry, W. L., & Willis, T. V. (2004). A long-term rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) invasion: dispersal patterns and community change in a north temperate lake. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61(11), 2255–2266. doi:10.1139/f04-170;