Ficha de avaliação EICAT
Oncorhynchus mykiss
MR · Alto
Avaliação histórica recuperada de registros do SIGEEI. A estrutura e os campos foram preservados; a confirmação permanece pendente.
Identificação e síntese
Taxonomia registrada
Classificação canônica recuperada da integração com o GBIF. O sistema explicita os níveis que a própria resposta do GBIF não informa.
Avaliação de impactos
1. Redução no desempenho de indivíduos da biota nativa
Resposta: Sim
Mecanismos selecionados: (1) Competição,(2) Predação,(3) Hibridização,(4) Transmissão de doenças para espécies nativas
Evidências por mecanismo
O. mykiss have been found to negatively affect indigenous fish species through predation, competition for food and habitat, and displacement.
O. mykiss have been found to negatively affect indigenous fish species through predation, competition for food and habitat, and displacement.
Oncorhynchus mykiss hybridizes with other, more rare trout species, thereby affecting their genetic integrity.
Stocking of hatchery O. mykiss in rivers has led to introduction of whirling disease (Myxobolus cerebralis) into open waters, to the severe detriment of indigenous species.
Referências: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/71813
2. Declínio no tamanho populacional de espécie nativa
Resposta: Sim
Mecanismos selecionados: (1) Competição,(2) Predação,(3) Hibridização
Evidências por mecanismo
Ao menos um estudo no Brasil demonstrou o impacto da introdução da truta em riachos de altitude. Este estudo mostrou que ocorreu diminuição no número de indivíduos/ha e da biomassa das espécies nativas nos locais onde havia registro da presença de trutas, a exemplo da bacia hidrográfica do rio Silveira, no município de São José dos Ausentes, no Rio Grande do Sul. (Latini et al. 2016)
Causes declines, and in some cases local extirpation, of native invertebrates, frogs and fish through predation (Zengeya et al., 2020)
This study provides evidence that hybridization increases the likelihood of reproductive overlap in time and space, promoting extinction by introgression, and that the spread of hybridization is likely to continue if hybrid source populations are not reduced or eliminated. (Muhlfeld et al. 2009)
Referências: Zengeya TA et al. (2020) An Evaluation of the Impacts of Alien Species on Biodiversity in South Africa Using Different Assessment Methods. In B. W. van Wilgen et al. (eds.), Biological Invasions in South Africa, Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology 14, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17; Muhlfeld, C. C., McMahon, T. E., Belcer, D., & Kershner, J. L. (2009). Spatial and temporal spawning dynamics of native westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their hybrids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 66(7), 1153–1168. doi:10.1139/f09-073; LATINI, A. O.; RESENDE, D. C.; POMBO, V. B.; CORADIN, L. (Org.). Espécies exóticas invasoras de águas continentais no Brasil. Brasília: MMA, 2016. 791p. (Série Biodiversidade, 39)
3. Extinção local de população nativa
Resposta: Sim
Mecanismos selecionados: (2) Predação,(3) Hibridização
Evidências por mecanismo
Causes declines, and in some cases local extirpation, of native invertebrates, frogs and fish through predation (Zengeya et al., 2020)
Introgressive hybridization with introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; RBT) is considered one of the greatest threats facing many native salmonid populations worldwide (Behnke 1992; Leary et al. 1995). Widespread transplanting of RBT outside their native range has caused local extirpations or reductions of native salmonids in nearly all drainages in which they have been introduced, and the rate of introductions has dramatically increased over the past 50 years due to intentional and unintentional releases (Fuller et al. 1999). Along with habitat loss and degradation, introgressive hybridization with RBT has played a major role in the demise of all subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii; Allendorf and Leary 1988; Gresswell 1988; Young 1995)
Referências: Zengeya TA et al. (2020) An Evaluation of the Impacts of Alien Species on Biodiversity in South Africa Using Different Assessment Methods. In B. W. van Wilgen et al. (eds.), Biological Invasions in South Africa, Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology 14, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17; Muhlfeld, C. C., McMahon, T. E., Belcer, D., & Kershner, J. L. (2009). Spatial and temporal spawning dynamics of native westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their hybrids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 66(7), 1153–1168. doi:10.1139/f09-073
4. Reversibilidade da extinção local após remoção do táxon
Resposta: Reversível
Mecanismos selecionados: (2) Predação,(3) Hibridização
Evidências por mecanismo
EICAT feita por Zengeya et al. (2020)
[...] the spread of hybridization is likely to continue if hybrid source populations are not reduced or eliminated.(Muhlfeld et al. 2009)
Referências: Zengeya TA et al. (2020) An Evaluation of the Impacts of Alien Species on Biodiversity in South Africa Using Different Assessment Methods. In B. W. van Wilgen et al. (eds.), Biological Invasions in South Africa, Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology 14, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_17; Muhlfeld, C. C., McMahon, T. E., Belcer, D., & Kershner, J. L. (2009). Spatial and temporal spawning dynamics of native westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their hybrids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 66(7), 1153–1168. doi:10.1139/f09-073