Campylopus introflexus (Hedwig) Bridel, 1819

However, the relative decline of P. piliferum in comparison to C. introflexus in this study indicates a higher competitive capacity of the non-indigenous moss species and shows that the latter is able to suppress the native moss. (Hasse, 2007)

A total of 1,846 carabid beetles (39 species) and 2,682 spiders (66 species) were caught. Species richness of both taxa and activity densities of spiders were lower in invaded sites. Species assemblages of carabids and spiders differed clearly between the two habitat types and single species were displaced by the moss encroachment. Phytophagous carabid beetles, web-building spiders and wolf spiders were more abundant in native, lichen-rich sites. Shifts in species composition can be explained by differences in the vegetation structure, microclimate conditions and most likely a reduced food supply in invaded sites. By forming dense carpets and covering large areas, the moss invasion strongly alters typical arthropod assemblages of endangered and protected (EU-directive) acidic coastal dunes. (Schirmel et al. 2011) The patches of dry dune grassland, heaths and dry pine forest with dense carpets of C. introflexus are monotonous and floristically poorer than adjacent areas not colonized by this species. Its dense carpets limit the development of other plants and lichens. In Western Poland, in Cladonio-Pinetum, Zarabska and Rosadzin´ski (2011) reported that its aggresive spread threatened the lichen Pycnothelia papillaria which is known only from several stands in the country. (Żarnowiec et al 2019)