EICAT ASSESSMENT SHEET
EICAT ASSESSMENT SHEET
Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa
Rusa timorensis de Blainville, 1822
CATEGORIA EICAT: MAJOR (MR) - ALTO
Interfere na regeneração por pisoteio e pastoreio de espécies vegetais nativas.
IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Scientific name
Rusa timorensis de Blainville, 1822
Autoria
(Blainville, 1822)
Nomes comuns
cervo-de-timor, sambar-de-java
Data da avaliação
01/05/2021
Avaliação
Global, independente de unidade de conservação
Resultado
MAJOR (MR) - ALTO
NOMENCLATURA E CLASSIFICAÇÃO
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Artiodactyla
Family
Cervidae
Genus
Rusa
PROVENIÊNCIA E REGISTRO
Pessoa responsável pela análise
Patricia Puechagut
Verificação
Não verificado
Verificado por
Não informado
Data da verificação
Não informada
Data de publicação
01/05/2021
Número da versão
1
Editor da versão atual
Não informado
RESUMO DA AVALIAÇÃO EICAT
Confiança EICAT
Baixa
Justificativa da confiança
The impact might be lower, if the alien did not cause the detected local extinction(s) (many other stressors, such as fire, land clearing and grazing by cattle).
Países/regiões de maior impacto
Austrália; Nova Caledônia; Papua-Nova Guiné
Locais de maior impacto
Nova Gales do Sul, ilha Léprédour.
Espécies impactadas
Pittosporum tanianum (CR IUCN Global RedList) / Terminalia cherrieri (EN IUCN Global RedList)
SÍNTESE DOS IMPACTOS
Interfere na regeneração por pisoteio e pastoreio de espécies vegetais nativas.
AVALIAÇÃO COMPLETA CONFORME O EICAT
As respostas, os mecanismos, as evidências e as referências abaixo preservam a estrutura da avaliação registrada no SIGEEI.
00. O táxon exótico causou impactos ambientais?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
Não informado
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
01. O táxon exótico causou reduções no desempenho de indivíduos na biota nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação
Evidência
Pastoreio / herbivoria / alimentação: Extensive reconnaissance was undertaken throughout the native vegetation and the suburban area to observe deer behaviour and movement, record plant species consumed or damaged by deer and effects of deer on the structure of vegetation and soils. Observations were made opportunistically between 1999 and 2003. [...] Of 78 native plant species examined during the survey, only nine showed no evidence of vertebrate herbivory or physical damage and the majority of these plants were ferns and sedges. The other 69 species showed eBects that included defoliation (young and/or old leaves), removal of shoots, bark-stripping, stem breakages and destruction or consumption of reproductive material. Cese eBects varied in severity between species and from place to place, and were inferred to have been caused by deer based on the local abundance of deer droppings, footprints and the scarcity of other vertebrate herbivores in the area.
Referências
Keith, David, and Belinda Pellow. \"Effects of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) on native plant species in the JibbonBundeena area, Royal National Park, New South Wales.\" (2005): 99.
02. O táxon exótico causou declínio no tamanho da população de alguma espécie nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação
Evidência
Pastoreio / herbivoria / alimentação: The extensive grassland and niaouli savannas, which today seem so typical of the nature of New Caledonia, have replaced much of the original sclerophyll forest. This is the result of a combination of two factors: (i) fire; and (ii) agricultural activities (clearing and grazing by introduced hoofed mammals). [...] In addition, the Indonesian deer Cervus timorensis was introduced in the 1880s and has adapted extremely well to the conditions of New Caledonia. Grazing and tramping by cattle and deer prevent regeneration of the selerophyll forests, whose remnants now consist of old trees without any understorey.
In conjunction with heavy grazing by rusa deer, burning has eliminated dense Phragmites reedbeds, setting in train a number of major ecological changes which lead to the widespread encroachment of seasonal swamp grassland by melaleuca woodland and forest. [...] Fire is also implicated in changes in grassland, notably in conjunction with grazing by rusa deer. The people of the coastal plains indicate that in living memory, and coinciding with the establishment of the rusa deer, there have been major changes in the swamps and grasslands. Robust swamp grasses, notably Phragmites karka, have declined. Seasonal inundation has been neither so deep nor so long. Large areas of grassland and seasonal swamp have been encroached mostly by Melaleucaspp. (Stronach 1995; Kitchener 1997).
Referências
Bouchet, Philippe, Tanguy Jaffré, and JeanMarie Veillon. \"Plant extinction in New Caledonia: protection of sclerophyll forests urgently needed.\" Biodiversity and Conservation 4.4 (1995): 415428.
Stronach, Neil. \"Fire in the TransFly savanna, Irian Jaya/PNG.\" ACIAR PROCEEDINGS. ACIAR; 1998, 1999.
03. O táxon exótico causou a extinção local de pelo menos uma população de alguma espécie nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação
Evidência
Pastoreio / herbivoria / alimentação: In this paper we highlight the problems of the sclerophyll forests, the most threatened of terrestrial biomes in New Caledonia, and document the extinction of a species of Pittosporum in a protected area. […] The sclerophyll forest patch on Lepredour Island where the extinct Pittosporum tanianum occurred. The absence of regeneration because of grazing by introduced deer and rabbits is evident from the ground bare on most of the island, a 'protected' area [...] When Pittosporum tanianum was discovered on Lepr6dour in July 1988, only two specimens were found. No other specimens have been found on the island or other localities despite intensive searches. Their botanical interest was immediately noticed, and propagation was attempted by cuttings, but this failed. During a later visit to Lepr6dour in 1992, it was found that one plant had died as soil had eroded away around the tree. The second plant died between June 1992 and July 1993 from unknown causes. [...] As a database we have used the 19 published volumes of Flore de Nouvelle-Calddonie et Ddpendances, covering critically approximately 55% of the 3000 native phanerogam species.
Referências
Bouchet, Philippe, Tanguy Jaffré, and JeanMarie Veillon. \"Plant extinction in New Caledonia: protection of sclerophyll forests urgently needed.\" Biodiversity and Conservation 4.4 (1995): 415428.
04. A extinção local observada é reversível ou irreversível se o táxon exótico for removido?
Resposta
Reversível
Mecanismo(s)
(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação
Evidência
Pastoreio / herbivoria / alimentação: The detected local extinction(s) might be irreversible, but the reversibility of the changes has not been tested (the possibility of native individuals recolonizing the area is not addressed).
Referências
Bouchet, Philippe, Tanguy Jaffré, and JeanMarie Veillon. \"Plant extinction in New Caledonia: protection of sclerophyll forests urgently needed.\" Biodiversity and Conservation 4.4 (1995): 415428.
INFORMAÇÕES ADICIONAIS DA AVALIAÇÃO
Vias de introdução/dispersão
Introdução intencional como espécie para caça.
Comentários e informações adicionais
Não há.
Referências adicionais sobre impactos
Volery, L. et al. (2020) Ranking alien species based on their risks of causing environmental impacts: A global assessment of alien ungulates. Global Change Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15467 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15467
Bases de dados consultadas
Lista vermelha da IUCN,GRIIS
Comentários taxonômicos
Não informado
NOTAS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO PARA O SIGEEI
PRESENÇA NÃO É IMPACTO LOCAL
Esta ficha representa uma avaliação global da espécie. Ela não declara, por si só, que Rusa timorensis de Blainville, 1822 esteja estabelecida, invasora ou causando impacto em uma unidade de conservação específica. Essa distinção deve ser registrada separadamente pelos gestores e especialistas responsáveis pela unidade.
REFERÊNCIAS
- Volery, L. et al. (2020) Ranking alien species based on their risks of causing environmental impacts: A global assessment of alien ungulates. Global Change Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15467 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15467
- Keith, David, and Belinda Pellow. \"Effects of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) on native plant species in the JibbonBundeena area, Royal National Park, New South Wales.\" (2005): 99.
- Bouchet, Philippe, Tanguy Jaffré, and JeanMarie Veillon. \"Plant extinction in New Caledonia: protection of sclerophyll forests urgently needed.\" Biodiversity and Conservation 4.4 (1995): 415428. Stronach, Neil. \"Fire in the TransFly savanna, Irian Jaya/PNG.\" ACIAR PROCEEDINGS. ACIAR; 1998, 1999.
- Bouchet, Philippe, Tanguy Jaffré, and JeanMarie Veillon. \"Plant extinction in New Caledonia: protection of sclerophyll forests urgently needed.\" Biodiversity and Conservation 4.4 (1995): 415428.