Psittacula krameri Scopoli, 1769

Correlative as well as experimental evidence indicates that the parakeets compete for nesting cavities with native nuthatches (Sitta europaea L.), but no interactions were found with other cavity-nesters. Strubbe et al. (2010) used species distribution modeling techniques to predict the potential distribution and abundance of P. krameri in Belgium and found that it could potentially become one of the most common cavity-nesters in Belgium. The total impact on nuthatches, however, will be only moderate (a maximum of one third of the nuthatch population is at risk), which probably follows from the fact that nuthatches are smaller than parakeets and can, as a last resort, use cavities that are too small for parakeets to enter. (Strubbe ey al., 2010; CABI, acesso em 30/06/2021)

we cannot exclude the possibility that as the species further expands its range, it will have a more severe impact on some rare and threatened cavity-nesters such as wryneck Jynx torquilla L. In these cases, it might be necessary to closely monitor the breeding cavities of the native hole-nester, and possibly take measures to protect them from the parakeets. For example, in Mauritius, where the introduced ring-necked parakeet hinders conservation efforts for the threatened endemic echo parakeet Psittacula equis, ringnecked parakeets are removed from cavities suitable for echo parakeets (Jones 1980, J. Malham, pers. comm.). (Strubbe et al., 2010)