Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

“Freedman et al. (2012) showed that resource use and trophic levels of the fish community change when Asian carps are present. They also demonstrated an impact on Bigmouth Buffalo and found isotopic values similar to Bluegill, Gizzard Shad, and Emerald Shiner.”; \"Our results show that upper Illinois River gizzard shad body condition decreased during Asian carp establishment and then rebounded to pre-establishment levels after Asian carp harvest was initiated. (Love et al. 2018)\"

“Asian carps have been shown to affect zooplankton communities (Burke et al. 1986, Lu et al. 2002, Cooke et al 2009; Calkins et al. 2012; Freedman et al. 2012; Sass et al. 2014).”

“In India, the introduction of Silver Carp into several reservoirs has resulted in the decline of native planktivores. The accidental establishment of Silver Carp in the Gobindsagar Reservoir in 1971 has generated animated debate from ecologists and fishery managers because of the propensity of the species to negatively affect native planktivorous species, particularly Catla and Rohu (Shetty et al. 1989; Sugunan 1997; Esmaeili and Johal 2003). After the introduction of Silver Carp, commercial fish catches from the reservoir changed dramatically (Petr 2002). Silver and Common carps dominated catch within 10 years of establishment (Petr 2002). At first, as the catch of Silver Carp increased, catches of Catla and Rohu declined, as did total catch (Shetty et al. 1989). Dey et al. (1979) and Natarajan (1988) documented similar declines in Kulgarhi Reservoir, India. Then, from 1987 to 1993, total catch from Gobindsagar Reservoir increased each year (Petr 2002). Between 1974 and 1975 (before introduction of Silver Carp) and 1992-93 (15 years after Silver Carp were introduced), catch of the indigenous Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora) in Gobindsagar Reservoir declined from 16.8% to 0.5% of the catch (although total catches increased over the same period from 28.7 tons of Golden Mahseer in 1974-75 to 46 tons in 1992-93; Sugunan 1995).”; “Costa-Pierce (1992) reported that economically important planktivores such as Able de Heckel (Leucaspius delineatus) and Bleak (Alburnus alburnus), as well as piscivorous (as adult) Zander (Sander lucioperca) were “nearly wiped out” by dense stocking of Silver Carp into a lake in Germany in 1977. Zander populations rebounded dramatically after the removal of Silver Carp. In that study, fish species most negatively affected by the presence of Silver Carp were those that spawn in the sublittoral zone and have pelagic, plankton-eating fry.”

“In lentic systems, bighead and silver carp have been observed to reduce total zooplankton abundances and particularly those of larger-bodied zooplankters, such as cladocerans and copepods (Fukushima et al., 1999; Shao et al., 2001; Stone et al., 2000; Yang et al., 1999).”; \"Within the lower Illinois River, for example, total zooplankton abundances have declined after Asian carp establishment (Sass et al., 2014)\".