Rubus fruticosus

Infestations of blackberry have reduced native plant diversity; The results for both Q. douglasii and Q. lobata in this study were similar. Analysis of the blackberry's effects on early stages of oak regeneration, however, revealed that this apparent promotion of oak regeneration by blackberry invasion was likely to be transient, and the long-term effect negative; Invasive R. fruticosus agg. displaces native plant species, impedes wildlife access to bodies of water (Bruzzese 1998; Hoshovsky 2000); Consegue penetrar no interior de florestas maduras devido à alta capacidade competitiva. Hence it can establish readily following opening of the overstorey and sometimes has adverse competitive effects on both the native flora and tree seedlings.20–24 bramble can compete efficiently for water during drought,21 or for soil nitrogen,30

Restricts access to water and land, increases fire hazards, destroys the quality of grazing land, reduces the natural attraction of land and provided food and shelter for pest animals such as foxes and rabbits (James and Lockwood, 1998, Sinden et al., 2004). It grows in large monospecific stands, is vigorous with a distinctive dense canopy architecture that generally contrasts the mosaic of vegetation that surrounds it. Invasive R. fruticosus agg. alters fire regimes and hydrology, and provides food and habitat for invasive birds and mammals (Bruzzese 1998; Hoshovsky 2000).

Schreiner et al. (2000) found that blackberry thickets in a forest in Germany promoted increased rodent activity and predation of conifer seeds to such an extent that the authors advocated clearing the brambles to foster tree regeneration; Invasive R. fruticosus agg.provides food and habitat for invasive birds and mammals (Bruzzese 1998; Hoshovsky 2000). Bramble reduced the incidence of browsing, an effect which appeared to be due to its relationship with seedling size. Very high impact on grazing potential.