Acacia longifolia

\"Plant cover, other than A. longifolia (Fig. 3b), was three to sixfold lower in recently invaded and long invaded areas, respectively, than in non-invaded areas, indicating a decrease of species cover due to invasion on the long-term.\" (Marchante et al. 2015)

\"Acacia longifolia provides large quantities of N to the surrounding vegetation; however, at the same time, requires substantial amounts of P itself which creates a N/P imbalance at the community level (Ulm et al. 2016). Moreover, acacias substantially and progressively change C content in long-time invaded soils (Yelenik et al. 2004; Marchante et al. 2008a; Souza- Alonso et al. 2015). Other parameters, such as the content of organic matter or interchangeable P, were significantly increased by A. dealbata in soils from different ecosystems (Lorenzo et al. 2010b; Souza-Alonso et al. 2014b).\" (Souza-Alonso et al. 2017) \"Acacia longifolia drastically increased the content of C and N, C/N ratio, pH and litter in ecosystems with poor soils, such as sand dunes and coastal areas (Marchante et al. 2008a, c; Rascher et al. 2011a), resulting in differences in the catabolic diversity of microbial communities (Marchante et al. 2008c).\" (Souza-Alonso et al. 2017)

\"ISA revealed a high number of species significantly associated with the different groups (Table 1): 31 species were associated with non-invaded areas, most of them being associated exclusively with those areas (i.e. 25 species with A = 1)\" (Marchante et al. 2015) \"There was little similarity in the species composition of invaded and non-invaded areas, a distinction that escalated with invasion duration\" (Marchante et al. 2015) \"Across all four habitats, total canopy cover was increased in invaded habitat\" (Rascher et al. 2011a)

\"Although the average number of plant species per plot was similar in both invaded areas, there was less than half the number of species under A. longifolia canopies compared to noninvaded areas\" (Marchante et al. 2015) \"The thick layer of A. longifolia litter accumulated over long periods (Marchante et al. 2008b) leads to attrition of seed viability thereby excluding other species in long invaded seed banks (Marchante et al. 2011a) and intensifying changes in vegetation structure\" (Marchante et al. 2015) \"Native seedling presence was highest in plots distant to adult A. longifolia, with native seedling density being significantly reduced in plots underneath adult A. longifolia at both forest sites (Fig. 6b, d).\" (Rascher et al. 2011a)

\"Acacia longifolia tended to be taller than the native understory shrubs and reached a similar height or was shorter than the overstory pine trees (...) This tendency of A. longifolia to dominate the upper stratum coincided with a decreased native species density in the lower stratum of invaded subplots compared to non-invaded subplots (Fig. 4). (Rascher et al. 2011a)