EICAT ASSESSMENT SHEET
EICAT ASSESSMENT SHEET
Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa
Acanthaster planci Linnaeus, 1758
CATEGORIA EICAT: MASSIVE (MV) - MUITO ALTO
Predador de corais que quando em grande número, em ocorrências de explosão populacional, devora comunidades inteiras de corais, modificando cadeias tróficas e atingindo toda a comunidade bentônica relacionada ao recifes de corais.
IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Scientific name
Acanthaster planci Linnaeus, 1758
Autoria
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Nomes comuns
coral-feeding starfish (English), coral-eating starfish (English), crown-of-thorns-starfish (English), giant thorny starfish (English)
Data da avaliação
26/05/2021
Avaliação
Global, independente de unidade de conservação
Resultado
MASSIVE (MV) - MUITO ALTO
NOMENCLATURA E CLASSIFICAÇÃO
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Echinodermata
Class
Asteroidea
Order
Valvatida
Family
Acanthasteridae
Genus
Acanthaster
PROVENIÊNCIA E REGISTRO
Pessoa responsável pela análise
Beloni Terezinha Pauli Marterer
Verificação
Não verificado
Verificado por
Não informado
Data da verificação
Não informada
Data de publicação
26/05/2021
Número da versão
1
Editor da versão atual
Não informado
RESUMO DA AVALIAÇÃO EICAT
Confiança EICAT
Alta
Justificativa da confiança
Impactos bem documentados em estudos realizados há algumas décadas.
Países/regiões de maior impacto
Austrália; Fiji; Japão; Polinésia Francesa
Locais de maior impacto
Grande Barreira de Corais, Austrália; Moorea, Plinésia Francesa,
Espécies impactadas
Não informado
SÍNTESE DOS IMPACTOS
Predador de corais que quando em grande número, em ocorrências de explosão populacional, devora comunidades inteiras de corais, modificando cadeias tróficas e atingindo toda a comunidade bentônica relacionada ao recifes de corais.
AVALIAÇÃO COMPLETA CONFORME O EICAT
As respostas, os mecanismos, as evidências e as referências abaixo preservam a estrutura da avaliação registrada no SIGEEI.
00. O táxon exótico causou impactos ambientais?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
Não informado
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
01. O táxon exótico causou reduções no desempenho de indivíduos na biota nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(2) Predação,(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação,(11) Impacto estrutural no ecossistema
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
02. O táxon exótico causou declínio no tamanho da população de alguma espécie nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(2) Predação,(11) Impacto estrutural no ecossistema
Evidência
Predação: The impact of crown-of-thorns starfish on natural coral assemblages can be severe and long-lasting. In some reefs 90% of live coral cover is lost.
Impacto estrutural no ecossistema: Predation on corals by the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci (Linne, 1758) has caused major damage to coral communities of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific region since the 1950's (Endean & Cameron 1985, Moran 1986, Moran et al. 1988, Endean & Cameron 1990).
Large populations of the starfish kill entire colonies of most coral species despite individual preferences for different coral types in some circumstances (Moran 1986). The first recorded outbreaks of A. planci on the GBR occurred in the 1960's and embraced reefs in the entral third of the ecosystem (Endean 1973). Following predation of the majority of a reef's corals, most of the starfish disappeared. Within 10 to 15 yr rapidlygrowing branching and plate-like corals had reestablished an extensive coral cover on parts of many reefs (Endean & Cameron 1985). Formation of such a coral cover has been studied at several reefs of the GBR (Endean 1976) and particularly at Green Island Reef and John Brewer Reef (Pearson 1981, Done 1985, Fisk et al. 1989).
Many reefs of the central GBR experienced a second outbreak during the 1980's (Endean & Cameron 1985, Moran 1986). Whether such population outbreaks of Acanthaster planci are a contemporary phenomenon or are part of an ecological pattern that has persisted for thousands of years on the GBR is a contentious issue (Moran et al. 1986, Moran & Bradbury 1989, Walbr 1980's (Endean & Cameron 1985, Moran 1986). (Cameron and Vantier, 1991)
Referências
Cameron, A.M., Endean, R. and De Vantier, L.M. 1991. Predation on massive corals: Are devastating population outbreaks of Acanthaster-planci novel events?, Marine Ecology Progress Series 75 (2-3): 251-258 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/75/m075p251.pdf;
Global Invasive Species Database (2021) Species profile: Acanthaster planci. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Acanthaster+planci on 25-05-2021.
03. O táxon exótico causou a extinção local de pelo menos uma população de alguma espécie nativa?
Resposta
Sim
Mecanismo(s)
(2) Predação
Evidência
Predação: Acanthaster predation resulted in a sharp collapse of coral populations and communities (Fisher’s p,0.05 between consecutive samplings). This decline of corals progressively affected the different reef locations, as the seastars migrated through the reef system. The coral coverage decreased gradually from values mostly above 40% in 2005 to values often below 5% in 2010, sometimes ,1% with the combined effects of the cyclone (at 12 m depth on the sites Tiahura and Vaipahu). Mass mortality of corals was accompanied by a decline in the diversity of coral assemblages, and was correlated with an increase in turf algae and dead-coral rubble and sand substrates (refer to the slopes of regressions in Figure 5, p(a),0.05). In contrast, no significant trend was observed in the cover of macro-algae, coralline algae, soft corals, or sponges (p(a).0.05). Coral genera were not equally impacted by Acanthaster predation, which resulted in a sequential extirpation of taxa from local communities. Branching and table-shaped species belonging to the genus Acropora were affected first and most heavily. Their populations declined abruptly and were extirpated from the reefs by the time coral cover fell below values of 13.7% (refer to the x-intercepts of regressions in Figure 5, arcsin(!X0) = 0.3860.03 SE). The collapse of Acropora populations was followed by those of sub-branching Pocillopora (eliminated at 1.1% coral cover, arcsin(!X0) = 0.1160.02 SE). Populations of encrusting Montipora, massive Porites, and other hard-coral assemblages also declined, showing a synchronized collapse with the entire coral communities (refer to the intercepts of regressions in Figure 5, p(b).0.05). The calcifying hydrozoan Millepora was rarely preyed upon by the seastars, and its populations did not vary with the decline in live coral. The selective predation of Acanthaster on corals, combined with the sequential time of arrival of seastars at the different reef locations and the variability in the observed peak densities, generated high spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the structure of benthic communities. Within the seven years of the Acanthaster outbreak on Moorea (2003–2010), a gradual shift of the outer-reef system was observed, from a coral-dominated one, to an ecosystem where space was mainly occupied by turf algae, coralline algae, rubble, and sand The community shift from corals to algae coincided with a shift in the composition of coral assemblages, from a state where branching genera Acropora and Pocillopora dominated in 2005, to one almost exclusively occupied by massive Porites in 2010. (Kayal et al., 2012)
Referências
Kayal M, Vercelloni J, Lison de Loma T, Bosserelle P, Chancerelle Y, Geoffroy S, et al. (2012) Predator Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci) Outbreak, Mass Mortality of Corals, and Cascading Effects on Reef Fish and Benthic Communities. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47363. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047363. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047363
04. A extinção local observada é reversível ou irreversível se o táxon exótico for removido?
Resposta
Irreversível
Mecanismo(s)
Não informado
Evidência
Não informado
Referências
Não informado
INFORMAÇÕES ADICIONAIS DA AVALIAÇÃO
Vias de introdução/dispersão
Água.
Comentários e informações adicionais
The crown-of-thorns starfish (as its name may suggest) has an array of penetrating spines which can produce a painful wound, as well as redness, swelling, vomiting, numbness and paralysis in humans. In at least one case, A. planci triggered a very nasty inflammatory response in a patient, which resulted in local swelling of the hand and fingers. Even following effective drug treatment the movement of the fingers was still limited six months later (Adler Kaul and Jawad 2002). (CABI, Acesso em 25/05/2021)
Referências adicionais sobre impactos
não
Bases de dados consultadas
GISD,GRIIS,CABI Invasive Species Compendium,WoRMS
Comentários taxonômicos
Não informado
NOTAS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO PARA O SIGEEI
PRESENÇA NÃO É IMPACTO LOCAL
Esta ficha representa uma avaliação global da espécie. Ela não declara, por si só, que Acanthaster planci Linnaeus, 1758 esteja estabelecida, invasora ou causando impacto em uma unidade de conservação específica. Essa distinção deve ser registrada separadamente pelos gestores e especialistas responsáveis pela unidade.
REFERÊNCIAS
- não
- Cameron, A.M., Endean, R. and De Vantier, L.M. 1991. Predation on massive corals: Are devastating population outbreaks of Acanthaster-planci novel events?, Marine Ecology Progress Series 75 (2-3): 251-258 http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/75/m075p251.pdf; Global Invasive Species Database (2021) Species profile: Acanthaster planci. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Acanthaster+planci on 25-05-2021.
- Kayal M, Vercelloni J, Lison de Loma T, Bosserelle P, Chancerelle Y, Geoffroy S, et al. (2012) Predator Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci) Outbreak, Mass Mortality of Corals, and Cascading Effects on Reef Fish and Benthic Communities. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47363. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047363. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047363