Ficha de avaliação EICAT
Carcinus maenas Linnaeus, 1758
MR · Alto
Avaliação histórica recuperada de registros do SIGEEI. A estrutura e os campos foram preservados; a confirmação permanece pendente.
Identificação e síntese
Nomenclature and linkage
The original assessment name is preserved. The accepted name and synonyms support discovery and reconciliation without overwriting the historical EICAT record.
Taxonomia registrada
Classificação canônica recuperada da integração com o GBIF. O sistema explicita os níveis que a própria resposta do GBIF não informa.
Avaliação de impactos
1. Redução no desempenho de indivíduos da biota nativa
Resposta: Sim
Mecanismos selecionados: (1) Competição,(2) Predação,(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação,(12) Impactos indiretos via interações com outras espécies
Evidências por mecanismo
In Sweden, Carcinus maenas was observed to displace shrimp and other crabs from mussel flesh set out as bait (Eriksson et al. 1975b). C. maenas grows larger than the common existing shorecrabs in San Francisco Bay, and could compete vigorously for food with the native Hemigrapsus oregonensis, H. nudus and Pachygrapsus crassipes, and with the introduced Atlantic brackish-water crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii in the more saline part of R. harrisii' s range. Where abundant subtidally, C. maenas could compete with several Cancer species in the Bay. Competition is also possible with other benthic predators including invertebrates, fish and birds. Competition with H. oregonensis and R. harrisii for space under rocks on mudflats at low tide seems likely. (Cohen et al., 1995)
In United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : It is a major predator of Mercenaria mercenaria (Quahog or Hard Clam) in southern New England (Walton et al. 2001). On the West Coast, Carcinus maenas is regarded as a potential predator on commercially important clams, including introduced Softshell Clams, Japanese Littlenecks (Venerupis philippinarum), and the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), as well as the native Pacific Littleneck (Leukoma staminea) (Grosholz et al. 2011); In Australian part of the Exclusive Econmic Zone (EEZ) : On the East and West coasts of North America, and in Australia Carcinus maenas has had serious impacts on shore communities; primarily as one of the chief predators of the intertidal zone. It can affect the survival and recruitment of gastropods, bivalves, other crabs, and probably a wide range of other invertebrates (Vermeij 1982a; Vermeij 1982b; Williams 1984; Grosholz and Ruiz 2002). Source: Fofonoff, P.W.; Ruiz, G.M.; Steves, B.; Carlton, J.T. (2014). National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System (NEMESIS) available online at http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis (WoRMS, acesso 02/06/2021)
Referências: WoRMS, acesso em 02/06/2021. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107381#notes; Cohen AN; Carlton JT; Fountain MC, 1995. Introduction, dispersal and potential impacts of the green crab Carcinus maenas in San Francisco Bay, California. Marine Biology, 122(2):225-238. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00348935.
2. Declínio no tamanho populacional de espécie nativa
Resposta: Sim
Mecanismos selecionados: (2) Predação,(8) Pastoreio / Herbivoria / Alimentação,(12) Impactos indiretos via interações com outras espécies
Evidências por mecanismo
C. maenas can degrade habitats. Its omnivorous diet can significantly impact the structure of intertidal and shallow subtidal communities (Cohen et al., 1995). Klassen and Locke (2007) suggest that C. maenas and other factors have decreased the abundance of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, but further studies are needed to better document and understand these interactions and impacts on the survivorship of Z. marina (Davis and Short, 1997; Davis et al., 1998) and degradation to other habitats. C. maenas is a voracious omnivore that will affect biodiversity, given that it feeds on species from at least 104 families, 158 genera in 5 plant and protist and 14 animal phyla, it could possibly cause extinctions, extirpations and reductions in abundance of native species (Cohen et al., 1995). (CABI, acesso em 02/06/2021)
C. maenas can degrade habitats. Its omnivorous diet can significantly impact the structure of intertidal and shallow subtidal communities (Cohen et al., 1995). Klassen and Locke (2007) suggest that C. maenas and other factors have decreased the abundance of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, but further studies are needed to better document and understand these interactions and impacts on the survivorship of Z. marina (Davis and Short, 1997; Davis et al., 1998) and degradation to other habitats. C. maenas is a voracious omnivore that will affect biodiversity, given that it feeds on species from at least 104 families, 158 genera in 5 plant and protist and 14 animal phyla, it could possibly cause extinctions, extirpations and reductions in abundance of native species (Cohen et al., 1995).
The green crab also carries a parasitic worm that can infect birds that prey on the crabs. This can have a potentially devastating effect by throwing off the food chain, and on the ecosystem as a whole in these areas. (Washington Sea 1998, Washington Dept.1997, Jaquette 1998, Holden 1997). (Tutt, 2000).
Referências: Tutt, C. 2000. \"Carcinus maenas\" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed June 01, 2021 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Carcinus_maenas/.; CABI, acesso em 02/06/2021. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/90475#tosummaryOfInvasiveness; Cohen AN; Carlton JT; Fountain MC, 1995. Introduction, dispersal and potential impacts of the green crab Carcinus maenas in San Francisco Bay, California. Marine Biology, 122(2):225-238. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00348935.
3. Extinção local de população nativa
Resposta: Sim
Mecanismos selecionados: (2) Predação
Evidências por mecanismo
C. maenas is a voracious omnivore that will affect biodiversity, given that it feeds on species from at least 104 families, 158 genera in 5 plant and protist and 14 animal phyla, it could possibly cause extinctions, extirpations and reductions in abundance of native species (Cohen et al., 1995). (CABI, acesso em 02/06/2021)
Referências: CABI, acesso em 02/06/2021. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/90475#tosummaryOfInvasiveness; Cohen AN; Carlton JT; Fountain MC, 1995. Introduction, dispersal and potential impacts of the green crab Carcinus maenas in San Francisco Bay, California. Marine Biology, 122(2):225-238. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00348935.
4. Reversibilidade da extinção local após remoção do táxon
Resposta: Reversível
Mecanismos selecionados: (2) Predação